Paper Titles

Joining of Polycarbonate Ring/Disk to Metal Sheet/Shaft and its Easy Disassembly
p.881

Structure Features of Martensite and Residual Austenite during Treatment with Concentrated Energy Fluxes
p.889

Structure and Properties of High-Chromium-Alloyed Upper-Eutectoid Steels after Hardening with Concentrated Energy Fluxes
p.896

Capacity Analysis for Fixed-Time Signalized Intersection for Non-Lane Based Traffic Condition
p.904

Design of Bone Scaffolds Structures for Rapid Prototyping with Increased Strength and Osteoconductivity
p.914

Evaluating PVC Degradation Using UV and Raman Spectroscopies
p.923

An Overview of Microfluidic Mixing Application
p.931

Effect of Milling Time on Crystallite Size and Morphology of Nickel Aluminde Based Composite Powder Prepared by Mechanical Assisted SHS Route
p.940

Rheological Investigation of Water Atomized Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Feedstock for Processibility Prediction
p.945

HomeAdvanced Materials ResearchAdvanced Materials Research Vols. 83-86Design of Bone Scaffolds Structures for Rapid...

Design of Bone Scaffolds Structures for Rapid Prototyping with Increased Strength and Osteoconductivity

Article Preview

Abstract:

The geometry of bone scaffolds plays a crucial role in bone tissue regeneration. This architecture, especially pore size and shape, determines the mechanical strength of the scaffold. A number of previous workers have indicated the parameters which are believed to be the main stimulus in the adaptive bone remodelling process. An ideal bone manufacturing system would deliver bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and provide adequate mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to design a highly osteoconductive and mechanically strong bone regeneration scaffold which can be successfully manufactured. Three porous architectures of scaffold were designed using Solid EdgeTM 3D solid modelling software. The equivalent trabecular structure model consisted of repeatable unit cells arranged in layers to fill the chosen scaffold volume. The three different unit cell structures examined include cubic, triangular, and hexagonal polyhedral. Designed scaffold’s pores were varied in this study to 120, 340 and 600µm. This range was selected to meet one of the requirements of the scaffold design – the macropores must be at least 100µm in diameter, so the cells can penetrate and proliferate within the structure. The strengths of each scaffold were determined using ANSYSTM finite element software. Trabecular scaffold designs were analysed independently and in connection with simulated cortical bone in order to investigate their stress-strain response. As well as providing useful information on strengths developed from these topologies, the models developed indicated geometric constraints in order to tailor scaffolds to specific patient needs.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies

Info:

Periodical:

Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 83-86)

Pages:

914-922

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.83-86.914

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

December 2009

Authors:

Marcin Lipowiecki, Dermot Brabazon

Keywords:

Bone Scaffold, Osteoconductivity, Porosity, Rapid Prototyping (RP)

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions:

Request Permissions

[1] P. Lal, and W. Sun, Computer modeling approach for microsphere-packed bone scaffold, ComputerAided Design, vol. 36 (2004), 487-497.

DOI: 10.1016/s0010-4485(03)00134-9

[2] B. Starly, W. Lau, T. Bradbury, and W. Sun, Internal architecture design and freeform fabrication of tissue replacement structures, Computer-Aided Design, vol. 38 (2006), 115-124.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cad.2005.08.001

[3] M.J. Mondrinos, R. Dembzynski, L. Lu, V.K.C. Byrapogu, D.M. Wootton, P.I. Lelkes, and J. Zhou, Porogen-based solid freeform fabrication of polycaprolactone-calcium phosphate scaffolds for tissue engineering, Biomaterials, vol. 27 (2006).

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.03.049

[4] K.F. Leong, C.K. Chua, N. Sudarmadji, and W.Y. Yeong, Engineering functionally graded tissue engineering scaffolds, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, vol. 1 (2008), 140-152.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2007.11.002

[5] E. Saiz, L. Gremillard, G. Menendez, P. Miranda, K. Gryn, and A.P. Tomsia, Preparation of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds, Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 27 (2007), 546-550.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.038

[6] L. Liulan, H. Qingxi, H. Xianxu, and X. Gaochun, Design and Fabrication of Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds via Rapid Prototyping and CAD, Journal of Rare Earths, vol. 25 (2007), 379383.

DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(07)60510-9

[7] B. -S. Kim, and D.J. Mooney, Development of biocompatible synthetic extracellular matrices for tissue engineering, Trends in Biotechnology, vol. 16 (1998), 224-230.

DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7799(98)01191-3

[8] W. -Y. Yeong, C. -K. Chua, K. -F. Leong, and M. Chandrasekaran, Rapid prototyping in tissue engineering: challenges and potential, Trends in Biotechnology, vol. 22 (2004), 643-652.

DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.10.004

[9] C. Qu, Q. -H. Qin, and Y. Kang, A hypothetical mechanism of bone remodeling and modeling under electromagnetic loads, Biomaterials, vol. 27 (2006), 4050-4057.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.03.015

[10] S. Tayyar, P.S. Weinhold, R.A. Butler, J.C. Woodard, L.D. Zardiackas, K.R. St. John, J.M. Bledsoe, and J.A. Gilbert, Computer simulation of trabecular remodeling using a simplified structural model, Bone, vol. 25 (1999), 733-739.

DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(99)00218-5

[11] M. Charles-Harris, S. del Valle, E. Hentges, P. Bleuet, D. Lacroix, and J.A. Planell, Mechanical and structural characterisation of completely degradable polylactic acid/calcium phosphate glass scaffolds, Biomaterials, vol. 28 (2007), 4429-4438.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.06.029

[12] W. Helen, and J.E. Gough, Cell viability, proliferation and extracellular matrix production of human annulus fibrosus cells cultured within PDLLA/Bioglass® composite foam scaffolds in vitro, Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 4 (2008), 230-243.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.09.010

[13] Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, B. Shi, and X. Cheng, A platelet-derived growth factor releasing chitosan/coral composite scaffold for periodontal tissue engineering, Biomaterials, vol. 28 (2007), 1515-1522.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.11.040

[14] H.H. Xu, and C.G. Simon, Fast setting calcium phosphate-chitosan scaffold: mechanical properties and biocompatibility, Biomaterials, vol. 26 (2005), 1337-1348.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.04.043

[15] P. Giannoudis, C. Tzioupis, T. Almalki, and R. Buckley, Fracture healing in osteoporotic fractures: Is it really different?: A basic science perspective, Scientific basis of fracture healing: an update, vol. 38 (2007), S90-S99.

DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2007.02.014

[16] D. Lacroix, and P.J. Prendergast, A mechano-regulation model for tissue differentiation during fracture healing: analysis of gap size and loading, Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 35 (2002), 11631171.

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(02)00086-6

[17] Z. Wu, W. Lei, Y. Hu, H. Wang, S. Wan, Z. Ma, H. Sang, S. Fu, and Y. Han, Effect of ovariectomy on BMD, micro-architecture and biomechanics of cortical and cancellous bones in a sheep model, Medical Engineering & Physics, vol. In Press, Corrected Proof.

DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2008.01.007

[18] B.C. Tellis, J.A. Szivek, C.L. Bliss, D.S. Margolis, R.K. Vaidyanathan, and P. Calvert, Trabecular scaffolds created using micro CT guided fused deposition modeling, Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 28 (2008), 171-178.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.11.010

[19] G.E. Ryan, A.S. Pandit, and D.P. Apatsidis, Porous titanium scaffolds fabricated using a rapid prototyping and powder metallurgy technique, Biomaterials, vol. 29 (2008), 3625-3635.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.05.032

[20] A.S. Lin, T.H. Barrows, S.H. Cartmell, and R.E. Guldberg, Microarchitectural and mechanical characterization of oriented porous polymer scaffolds, Biomaterials, vol. 24 (2003), 481-489.

DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00361-7

[21] M. Wettergreen, B. Bucklen, W. Sun, and M. Liebschner, Computer-Aided Tissue Engineering of a Human Vertebral Body, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 33 (2005), 1333-1343.

DOI: 10.1007/s10439-005-6744-1

[22] A.C. Jones, C.H. Arns, A.P. Sheppard, D.W. Hutmacher, B.K. Milthorpe, and M.A. Knackstedt, Assessment of bone ingrowth into porous biomaterials using MICRO-CT, Biomaterials, vol. 28 (2007), 2491-2504.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.01.046

[23] J.R. Woodard, A.J. Hilldore, S.K. Lan, C.J. Park, A.W. Morgan, J.A.C. Eurell, S.G. Clark, M.B. Wheeler, R.D. Jamison, and A.J. Wagoner Johnson, The mechanical properties and osteoconductivity of hydroxyapatite bone scaffolds with multi-scale porosity, Biomaterials, vol. 28 (2007).

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.08.021

[24] V. Karageorgiou, and D. Kaplan, Porosity of 3D biomaterial scaffolds and osteogenesis, Biomaterials, vol. 26 (2005), 5474-5491.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.02.002

[25] S. Bose, J. Darsell, M. Kintner, H. Hosick, and A. Bandyopadhyay, Pore size and pore volume effects on alumina and TCP ceramic scaffolds, Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 23 (2003), 479-486.

DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(02)00129-7

[26] P. Mc Donnell, M.A. Liebschner, W. Tawackoli, and P.E. Mc Hugh, Vibrational testing of trabecular bone architectures using rapid prototype models, Medical Engineering & Physics, vol. In Press, Corrected Proof.

DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2008.04.012

[27] X.J. Wang, X.B. Chen, P.D. Hodgson, and C.E. Wen, Elastic modulus and hardness of cortical and trabecular bovine bone measured by nanoindentation, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 16 (2006), s744-s748.

DOI: 10.1016/s1003-6326(06)60293-8

[28] J.Y. Rho, R.B. Ashman, and C.H. Turner, Young's modulus of trabecular and cortical bone material: Ultrasonic and microtensile measurements, Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 26 (1993), 111-119.

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(93)90042-d