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Optical diagnostics of laser-produced aluminium plasmas under water

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Abstract

We report on the findings of double-pulse studies performed on an aluminium target submerged in water using Nd:YAG laser pulses. Shadowgraphy measurements were performed to examine the dynamic behaviour of the cavitation bubble that eventually forms some considerable time post-plasma ignition. These measurements were used to inform subsequent investigations designed to probe the bubble environment. The results of time-resolved imaging from within the cavitation bubble following irradiation by a second laser pulse reveal the full dynamic evolution of a plasma formed in such an environment. Rapid displacement of the plasma plume in a direction normal to the target surface followed by a diffusive outwards expansion is observed and a qualitative model is proposed to explain the observed behaviour. Line profiles of several ionic and atomic species were observed within the irradiated cavitation bubble. Electron densities were determined using the Stark broadening of the Al II line at 466.3 nm and electron temperatures inferred using the ratio of the Al II (466.3 nm) and Al I (396.15 nm) lines. Evidence of self-reversal of neutral emission lines was observed at times corresponding to growth and collapse phases of the cavitation bubble suggesting high population density for ground state atoms during these times.

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Acknowledgements

This work was conducted under the framework of the Irish Government’s Programme for Research in Third Level Institutions Cycle 5, National Development Plan 2007–2013 with the assistance of the European Regional Development Fund and supported by Science Foundation Ireland (Grant Nos. 12/IA/1742 and 14/TIDA/2452) and the EU FP7 EMJD Programme ‘EXTATIC’ under the framework agreement FPA-2012-0033. This work is associated with the FP7 EU COST Action MP1208 and the U.S. National Science Foundation PIRE Grant No. 1243490.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physical Sciences and the National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology (NCPST), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland

    N. Walsh & J. T. Costello

  2. School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, UK

    T. J. Kelly

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  1. N. Walsh
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  2. J. T. Costello
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  3. T. J. Kelly
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Correspondence to N. Walsh.

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Walsh, N., Costello, J.T. & Kelly, T.J. Optical diagnostics of laser-produced aluminium plasmas under water. Appl. Phys. B 123, 179 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-017-6754-3

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