Microstructure and Microhardness Characterization of Cr3 C2 -SiC Coatings Produced by the Plasma Transferred Arc Method

Serkan Islak; Özkan Eski; Soner Buytoz; Muzaffer Karagöz; Joseph Stokes

doi:10.3139/120.110397

Published by De Gruyter May 26, 2013

Microstructure and Microhardness Characterization of Cr₃ C₂ -SiC Coatings Produced by the Plasma Transferred Arc Method

Charakterisierung der Mikrostruktur und Mikrohärte von Cr₃C₂-SiC PTA-Beschichtungen

Serkan Islak , Özkan Eski , Soner Buytoz , Muzaffer Karagöz and Joseph Stokes

From the journal Materials Testing

https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110397

Showing a limited preview of this publication:

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to investigate the coatings made of Cr₃ C₂ and SiC powder manufactured on AISI 304 stainless steel applied by the plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding process. SiC content in the produced coated layer was varied between 0–100 wt.% and the effect of SiC concentration on the microstructure and hardness of the coating was measured experimentally. SEM analyses revealed that the composite coatings had a homogeneous, nonporous, and crack-free microstructure. Dendrites and interdendrite eutectics formed on the coating layer, subject to the temperature gradient and the solidification ratio. There was a significant increase in the hardness of coating layers with the effect of the γ -(Fe,Ni), Cr₇ C₃, Cr₂₃ C₆, Fe₅ C₂, Cr₃ Si, CrSi₂, Fe_>0.64 Ni_0.36, CFe_15.1, C-(Fe,Cr)-Si phases formed in the microstructure. In comparison to the substrate, the microhardness of the coatings produced by PTA were 2.5–3.5 times harder.

Kurzfassung

Das Ziel der hier beschriebenen Arbeiten bestand darin die Cr₃C₂- und SiC-Pulverbeschichtungen zu untersuchen, die mittels eines Plasmalichtbogenprozesses auf Stahl AISI 304 aufgebracht wurden. Der SiC-Gehalt der so produzierten Schicht wurde zwischen 0 wt.-% und 100 wt.-% variiert und der Effekt der SiC-Konzentration auf die Mikrostruktur und Härte der Beschichtungen wurde experimentell bestimmt. Mittels REM-Untersuchungen wurde ermittelt, dass die Kompositbeschichtungen eine homogene, porenfreie und rissfreie Mikrostruktur aufwiesen. Dendrit- und Interdendrit-Eutektika bildeten sich auf der Schicht abhängig vom Verhältnis aus Temperaturgradienten und Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeit. Es konnte ein signifikanter Härteanstieg in den Schichten aufgrund des Effektes der in der Mikrostruktur gebildeten Phasen γ′-(Fe,Ni), Cr₇C₃, Cr₂₃C₆, Fe₅C₂, Cr₃Si, CrSi₂, Fe_0.64Ni_0.36, CFe_15.1, C-(Fe,Cr)-Si festgestellt werden. Im Vergleich zum Substrat war die Mikrohärte in den mit PTA produzierten Schichten 2,5–3,5 mal härter.

Dr. Serkan Islak graduated from Metallurgy Education Department in Firat University, Elazig, Turkey, in 2002. He holds M.Sc. and Ph.D. at Firat University, Elazig, in 2005 and 2012, respectively. He is instructor at the Cide Rifat Ilgaz Vocational High School, Welding Technology Department of Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey. His main interests include powder metallurgy and surface coating technologies.

Dr. Ozkan Eski graduated from Mechanical Engineering Department in Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 1989. He holds M.Sc. and Ph.D. at Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, in 1993 and 2001, respectively. He is assistant professor at Kastamonu Vocational High School, Mechanical Department of Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey. His main interests include welding technologies.

Dr. Soner Buytoz graduated from Mechanical Engineering in Firat University, Elazig, Turkey, in 1996. He holds M.Sc. and Ph.D. at Firat University, Elazig, in 1999 and 2004, respectively. He is assistant professor at the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey. His main interests include surface coating and abrasion wear of materials, composite materials and their mechanical behaviour as well as corrosion.

Muzaffer Karagoz graduated from Mechanical Engineering in Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey, in 2005. He holds M.Sc. at Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey in 2010. He is research assistant in Engineering Faculty, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Bartin, Turkey. His main interests include manufacturing technologies.

Dr. Joseph Stokes graduated from Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering from Trinity College Dublin, Ireland in 1997. He holds Ph.D. at Dublin City University in 2003, Dublin, Ireland. He lectured part-time for two years in Dublin Institute of Technology Bolton Street from 1998 to 2000. In September 2000 he became a member of the academic staff in the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering in Dublin City University, Ireland. He was promoted to position of senior lecturer in DCU in 2009. He has been research active in the area of surface engineering since 1997. Applications of his research include: wear reduction, bio-coatings for implant replacement therapy, oil and gas protective coatings to mention a few.

References

1 L.Zhang, D.Sun, H.Yu, H.Li: Characteristics of Fe-based alloy coating produced by plasma cladding process, Mater. Sci. Eng. A457 (2007), pp. 319–324Search in Google Scholar

2 Y.Birol: Thermal fatigue testing of Stellite 6-coated hot work tool steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A527 (2010), pp. 6091–609710.1016/j.msea.2010.06.015Search in Google Scholar

3 M. A. M.Silva, A. E.Martinelli, C.AlvesJr., R. M.Nascimento, M. P.Tavora, C. D.Vilar: Surface modification of Ti implants by plasma oxidation in hollow cathode discharge, Surf. Coat. Technol.200 (2006), pp. 2618–2626Search in Google Scholar

4 J. B.Cheng, B. S.Liang, X. B.Xu, Y. X.Wu: Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of iron-based coating prepared by plasma transferred arc cladding process, Mater. Sci. Eng. A492 (2008), pp. 407–412Search in Google Scholar

5 A.Gatto, E.Bassoli, M.Fornari: Plasma transferred arc deposition of powdered high performances alloys: process parameters optimization as a function of alloy and geometrical configuration, Surf. Coat. Technol.187 (2004), pp. 265–271Search in Google Scholar

6 Y. F.Liu, X. B.Liu, X. Y.Xu, S. Z.Yang: Microstructure and dry sliding wear behaviour of Fe2 TiSi/γ Fe/Ti 5 Si 3 composite coating fabricated by plasma transferred arc cladding process, Surf. Coat. Technol.205 (2010), pp. 814–819Search in Google Scholar

7 V.Balasubramanian, A. K.Lakshminarayanan, R.Varahamoorthy, S.Babu: Application of Response Surface Methodolody to Prediction of Dilution in Plasma Transferred Arc Hardfacing of Stainless Steel on Carbon Steel, J. Iron and Steel Res. Int.16 (2009), pp. 44–53Search in Google Scholar

8 P.Fan, E.Riddle, Z. Z.Fang, H. Y.Sohn: Iron aluminide coatings by an in-situ reaction process, Surf. Coat. Technol.202 (2008), pp. 6090–6094Search in Google Scholar

9 J.Wilden, J. P.Bergmann, H.Frank: Plasma transferred arc welding - modelling and experimental optimization, J. Therm. Spray Technol.15 (2006), pp. 779–784Search in Google Scholar

10 R. L.Deuis, J. M.Yellup, C.Subramanian: Metal-matrix composite coatings by PTA surfacing, Compos. Sci. Technol.58 (1998), pp. 299–309Search in Google Scholar

11 M.Li, H.He, G.Sun: Laser cladding Co-based alloy/SiC(P) composite coatings on IF steel, Mater. Des.25 (2004), pp. 355–358Search in Google Scholar

12 H. O.Pierson: Handbook of refractory carbides and nitrides: Properties, characteristics, processing and applications, Noyes Publications, Westwood, New Jersey (1996)10.1016/B978-081551392-6.50017-9Search in Google Scholar

13 Z.Dawei, T.Li, T. C.Lei: Laser cladding of Ni-Cr3 C2/(Ni + Cr) composite coating, Surf. Coat. Technol.110 (1998), pp. 81–85Search in Google Scholar

14 C.Sudha, P.Shankar, R. V.Subba Rao, R.Thirumurugesan, M.Vijayalakshmi, B.Raj: Microchemical and microstructural studies in a PTA weld overlay of Ni-Cr-Si-B alloy on AISI 304L stainless steel, Surf. Coat. Technol.202 (2008), pp. 2103–2112Search in Google Scholar

15 Z.Huang, Q.Hou, P.Wang: Microstructure and properties of Cr3 C2-modified nickel-based alloy coating deposited by plasma transferred arc process, Surf. Coat. Technol.202 (2008), pp. 2993–2999Search in Google Scholar

16 S.Buytoz, M.Ulutan: In situ synthesis of SiC reinforced MMC surface on AISI 304 stainless steel by TIG surface alloying, Surf. Coat. Technol.200 (2006), pp. 3698–3704Search in Google Scholar

17 M.Guo, A.Liu, M.Zhao, H.Hu, Z.Wang: Microstructure and wear resistance of low carbon steel surface strengthened by plasma melt injection of SiC particles, Surf. Coat. Technol.202 (2008), pp. 4041–4046Search in Google Scholar

18 G.Thawari, G.Sundarararjan, S. V.Joshi: Laser Surface Alloying of Medium Carbon Steel with SiC(P), Thin Solid Films423 (2003), pp. 41–43Search in Google Scholar

19 A.Hidouci, J. M.Pelletier, F.Ducoin, D.Dezert, R. E.Guerjouma: Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of laser coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol.123 (2000), pp. 17–23Search in Google Scholar

20 Q.Li, T. C.Lei, W. Z.Chen: Microstructural characterization of WCp reinforced Ni-Cr-B-Si-C composite coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol.114 (1999), pp. 285–291Search in Google Scholar

21 C. T.Kwok, F. T.Cheng, H. C.Man: Laser surface modification of UNS S31603 stainless steel. Part I: microstructures and corrosion characteristics, Mater. Sci. Eng. A290 (2000), pp. 55–73Search in Google Scholar

22 J. S.Selvan, K.Subramanian, A. K.Nath, H.Kumar, C.Ramachandra, S. P.Ravindranathan: Laser boronising of Ti-6Al-4V as a result of laser alloying with pre-placed BN, Mater. Sci. Eng. A260 (1999), pp. 178–187Search in Google Scholar

23 Q. Y.Hou, Z.Huang, J. T.Wang: Influence of nano-Al 2 O 3 particles on the microstructure and wear resistance of the nickel-based alloy coating deposited by plasma transferred arc overlay welding, Surf. Coat. Technol.205 (2011), pp. 2806–2812Search in Google Scholar

24 A.Conde, R.Colaco, R.Vilar, J.Damborenea: Corrosion behaviour of steels after laser surface melting, Mater. Des.21 (2000), pp. 441–445Search in Google Scholar

25 H. M.Wang, G.Duan: Microstructure and wear resistance of a laser clad reinforced Cr3 Si metal silicide composite coating, Mater. Sci. Eng. A336 (2002), pp. 117–123Search in Google Scholar

26 L. Q.Zhang, H. M.Wang: High-temperature sliding wear resistance of a Cr3 Si/Cr13 Ni5 Si2 multiphase intermetallic alloy, Mater. Lett.57 (2003), pp. 2710–2715Search in Google Scholar

27 S.Buytoz: Microstructural properties of M7C3 eutectic carbides in a Fe-Cr-C alloy, Mater. Lett.60 (2006), pp. 605–60810.1016/j.matlet.2005.09.046Search in Google Scholar

28 A. V.Syugaev, S. F.Lomaewa, A. N.Maratkanova, D. V.Surnin, S. M.Reshetnikov: Electrochemical Properties of Iron Silicocarbide and Cementite in Acidic and Neutral Environments, Prot. Met. Phys. Chem. Surf.45 (2009), pp. 81–88Search in Google Scholar

29 H. M.Wang, G.Duan: Wear and corrosion behaviour of laser clad Cr 3 Si reinforced intermetallic composite coatings, Intermetallics11 (2003), pp. 755–762Search in Google Scholar

30 X.Guozhi, Z.Dongjie, W.Yuping, L.Pinghua: Microstructure and corrosion properties of thick WC composite coating formed by plasma cladding, Appl. Surf. Sci.256 (2010), pp. 6354–6358Search in Google Scholar

31 G.Xu, M.Kutsuna, Z.Liu, H.Zhang: Characteristics of Ni-based coating layer formed by laser and plasma cladding processes, Mater. Sci. Eng. A417 (2006), pp. 63–72Search in Google Scholar

32 Y. C.Lin, Y. C.Lin: Elucidation of microstructure and wear behaviours of Ti-6Al-4V cladding using tungsten boride powder by the GTAW method, J. Coat. Technol. Res.8 (2011), pp. 247–253Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2013-05-26

Published in Print: 2012-11-01

Microstructure and Microhardness Characterization of Cr₃ C₂ -SiC Coatings Produced by the Plasma Transferred Arc Method

Abstract

Kurzfassung

References

Journal and Issue

Articles in the same Issue