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Defect-mediated ferromagnetism in ZnO:Mn nanorods

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Abstract

In this work, the structural, chemical and magnetic properties of ZnO:Mn nanorods were investigated. Firstly, well-aligned ZnO nanorods with their long axis parallel to the crystalline c-axis were successfully grown by the vapor phase transport technique on Si substrates coated with a ZnO buffer layer. Mn metal was then diffused into these nanorods at different temperatures in vacuum. From SEM results, ZnO:Mn nanorods were observed to have diameters of ∼100 nm and lengths of 4 μm. XPS analysis showed that the Mn dopant substituted into the ZnO matrix with a valence state of +2. Magnetic measurements performed at room temperature revealed that undoped ZnO nanorods exhibit ferromagnetic behavior which may be related to oxygen vacancy defect-mediated d 0 ferromagnetism. ZnO:Mn samples were seen to show an excess room temperature ferromagnetism that is attributed to the presence of oxygen vacancy defects forming bound magnetic polarons involving Mn.

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Acknowledgements

S.Y. is grateful to the Council of Turkish Higher Education for its financial support in visiting foreign institutions. This work was supported by the research fund of Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, under contract No. 2010.111.001.3. E.McG. gratefully acknowledges support from the Science Foundation Ireland Strategic Research Cluster grant entitled “Functional Oxides and Related Materials for Electronics” (FORME). All the authors also would like to thank Prof. Dr. Ş. Özcan and Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Ceylan for their efforts on magnetic measurements. All XPS analyses of the work were performed by Dr. M. Çopuroğlu in the Department of Chemistry of Bilkent University under the leadership of Prof. Dr. Ş. Süzer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physical Sciences and National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland

    S. Yılmaz & E. McGlynn

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

    S. Yılmaz & E. Bacaksız

  3. Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Adana Science and Technology University, 01180, Adana, Turkey

    S. Yılmaz

  4. School of Physical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland

    J. Bogan

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  1. S. Yılmaz
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Correspondence to S. Yılmaz.

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Yılmaz, S., McGlynn, E., Bacaksız, E. et al. Defect-mediated ferromagnetism in ZnO:Mn nanorods. Appl. Phys. A 115, 313–321 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7817-x

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